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Women in National Parks

Anne Davis

Mother of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park and Early Female Legislator 

Governor Austin Peay signs bill authorizing purchase of 76,507 acres of Little River Lumber Company land

From left: Jeff Hunt, acting secretary to the Governor; Judge L. D. Hill, speaker of the senate; Mrs. Anne Davis who introduced the bill; Gov. Peay; Miss Mary Virginia Cox of the Governor's office; W. B Hatcher, member of the house from Knox County; W. F. Barry, Jr. speaker of the house.

"Ann was not very active in the initial stages of making her national park idea a reality, nor in politics in general. Indeed it was a shock to W.P. Davis, according to a later account by their daughter Barbara Davis Kesterson, when Mrs. Davis ran for an open seat in the Tennessee House of Representatives in 1925. 'Dad almost fainted when she decided to run,' recalled Kesterson, as quoted later in a Knoxville newspaper. 

But run she did, and win she did. Remarkably, the soft-spoken Knoxville matron, who had just become a grandmother, was only the third woman to ever be elected to the Tennessee Legislature and the first female Republican ever to do so. Her election victory came only four years after the enactment of the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution that had made refusal of voting privileges based on gender illegal. Many have said she pursued the office for the sole purpose of furthering the state’s efforts to establish a national park, but she suggested otherwise in at least one newspaper report.

'I have never been interested in politics just for the sake of playing the political game but I have always been interested in women and their advancement along all lines,' she was quoted in a 1925 Knoxville newspaper. '… I saw in this a way to make an opening for the women of my section of Tennessee in state politics' and called for more women to be elected to the state legislature. Ann went on to state that she was 'very much interested in getting the National park for this section and am for the University of Tennessee appropriation.'

Whether it was one issue or many that enticed Ann to run for office, she certainly was instrumental in introducing a bill early in the 1925 session that would authorize the state of Tennessee’s purchase of the first parcel of land for the park—a 76,507-acre tract held by Little River Lumber Co. near the Little River Gorge. The U.S. government had by then made it clear that if a national park was to be established it would cover ground in both Tennessee and North Carolina and that both states would need to secure deeds for 150,000 contiguous acres. This first bill aimed at beginning to meet that requirement encountered stiff opposition in the Legislature. It passed in the Senate but failed in the House. Gov. Peay, as determined as Mr. and Mrs. Davis to make the park happen, reintroduced the bill the very next day with the stipulation that Knoxville pay one-third the cost of the land purchase. The governor signed it into law on April 10, 1925, using a quill pen he then presented to Rep. Ann Davis."

                                                                                                                         - T. Wayne Waters, "The First Family of the

                                                                                                                            Great Smoky Mountains National Park," in

                                                                                                                            Smoky Mountain Living Magazine (2011)

Excerpt from the Guide to the Great Smoky Mountains National Park

A passage describes Anne Davis's influence in the creation of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park.
The 146-page “Guide to the Great Smoky Mountains National Park” was published in 1933, a year before the park was formally established. In spite of this oddity, the guide does carry the approval of the National Park Service, stated on its cover. The book was printed in a small format as a field guide that could be carried on a hike. Topics covered in the guide include tours and trails, notes on camping and fishing, and sections on flowers and fauna. Separate sections deal with local culture, including “The Highlanders” and “The Cherokee Indians.” The guide was written by George McCoy and George Masa. McCoy was a staff writer for the Asheville Citizen and native of Dillsboro, North Carolina. Photographer George Masa, a native of Japan, was active in the Appalachian Trail Club and in the movement to establish the Great Smoky Mountains National Park

Cataloochee tract 280: J. M. Caldwell

This is an example of the paperwork involved in the land-purchasing process that Anne Davis promoted.
This 39-acre tract 280 and 280a in the Mount Sterling section of Cataloochee was owned by J. M. Caldwell. While, in general, the Great Smoky Mountains region was sparsely populated, the Cataloochee Valley remained an exception. By 1900, the population of Cataloochee had grown to 1,000 residents living in hundreds of log and frame homes. A few historic buildings have been preserved on site, including two churches, a school, several homes, and outbuildings. The North Carolina Park Commission was tasked with purchasing land for the Great Smoky Mountains National Park and people living in Cataloochee were among those displaced. Cataloochee families continue to return for annual reunions. In 2001, the National Park Service re-introduced elk into the valley.

TN Legislature Honors Anne Davis and Other Women

A resolution to honor and commend the women who have served in the Tennessee General Assembly, including Anne Davis.

TN Proposal to Replace Confederate Bust with Anne Davis

A resolution relative to the bust of Nathan Bedford Forrest in the Tennessee State Capitol, stating that Anne Davis is much more deserving of a bust in the state capitol.