The Detroit Riot... A Profile of 500 Prisoners
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The Detroit riot ... : a profile of 500 prisoners / Manpower Administration,
U. S. Dept. of Labor
United States.
Washington : Manpower Administration, U.S. Dept. of Labor, 1968.
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THE DETROIT RIOT
UNITED
DEPARTMENT
STATES
OF
AMERICA
OF
FLABOR
A Profile of 500 Prisoners
March 1968
OF
UNIVERSITY
ILLINGARY OF
LIBRARY
UNIVERSITY
TINO'S
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR : Willard Wirtz , Secretary
MANPOWER ADMINISTRATION : Stanley Ruttenberg ,
Manpower Administrator
301.158
Un 3d
PREFACE
On Sunday , July 23 , 1967 , a riot broke out in Detroit ,
Michigan , which resulted in loss of life , limb and property .
Hundreds of alleged participants were arrested , some of
whom willingly answered various questions (psychological ,
social , and economic ) for research investigators seeking
causation for the riot .
Eleven days after the outbreak ( August 3 , 1967 ) , the
U.S. Department of Labor contracted , under authorization of
the Manpower Development and Training Act , with the Behavior Research Institute of Detroit to introduce into an ongoing survey of prisoners questions designed to shed additional light on their employment status and indebtedness .
Information was collected on the characteristics of the
prisoners ; the nature of their job and weekly earnings ; their
home situation ; their views as to the causes of the riot and
the degree to which they knew what was taking place ; and
their ranking of Negro leaders .
Limited information ( on employment status and indebtedness ) is available for the total survey group of 496 prisoners .
More extensive information was collected for 157 of those
interviewed on August 3 and 4 at the request of the Office of
Manpower Research , Manpower Administration .
The survey was not based on a scientific sample . It was
conceived and conducted under extreme pressure . The data
were coded , processed , and analyzed on August 5 and 6 .
The interviews were conducted at five prison sites between July 31 and August 4 , by 19 Negro interviewers . These
interviewers were recruited largely from among graduate
students at Wayne State University and from among Detroit
high school teachers . Some poverty agency workers were
added
later .
The names and addresses , and all other means of individual identification , were obliterated from the questionnaires , so that the respondents would remain anonymous .
The police charges were also removed , so that it is not
possible to assess the severity of the alleged offense .
The interviews were not conducted under ideal circumstances , nor was there sufficient time to pre - test or to
develop a questionnaire that would yield more precise information . For example , present employment status was
asked and the answer limited to " employed " or " unemployed , " with no provision for indicating whether a prisoner
might be a full - time student or out of the labor force for
some other reason . The " not employed " category used in
this analysis , based on the " unemployed ' reply , does not ,
therefore , conform to the regular Department of Labor definition of unemployment . Some other questions were not
phrased as precisely as would be desirable .
The study which follows actually a profile of 496 Negro
men arrested during the July 23 , 1967 riot in Detroit , Michigan attempts to provide a partial picture of the economic and
social background of these persons .
-
2
-
HIGHLIGHTS
Some of the highlights of the findings of this report are :
The typical prisoner , out of the total interviewed , was
single
a
man just over 30 years of age . He was a Protestant ,
but not a regular church - goer . He was a non- veteran who
had dropped out of school by the 11th grade . His birthplace
was the South and he had lived in Detroit for 15 years or
more .
● He was a blue collar
worker in a manufacturing plant
where he earned about $ 120 a week . Although currently
employed , he had experienced more than 5 weeks of unemployment in the past year . He had not participated in a government training or poverty program .
opinion , the riot was caused by " police
● In the prisoner's
brutality . " He also believed that poor housing , lack of job
opportunities , and tensions and frustrations resulting from
the Negroes ' failure to secure equality caused the trouble
in Detroit . His favorite leader is Martin Luther King and he
thought that non - violent means was the best way to achieve
civil rights for Negroes . He felt that conditions , both for
himself and Detroit Negroes , in general , had improved in
the last few years . He was also hopeful that the Negro would
someday have everything that the white man has today .
-About 1 in 5 of the 157 prisoners who reported on their
military experience had served in the Armed Forces . Only
one man was a Vietnam veteran .
-About half of the 157 prisoners reporting on their indebtedness status indicated that they were in debt . One - half
of those in debt owed for back rent or medical expenses .
More than 50 percent of those in debt owed under $ 200 .
Twenty - five percent owed between $ 200 and $ 500 .
3
One out of 4 single prisoners had
weekly earnings of $ 120 or more .
More than 2 out of 5 of these single
men earned more than $ 100 per week .
As a group , prisoners without a
high school diploma were almost as
likely to be making over $ 120 per
week as those with more education.2 /
However , considerably more high
school dropouts than graduates were
earning less than $ 80 per week .
Unemployment ( 22 percent ) was
nevertheless high about five times
higher than the unemployment rate
(about 4.5 percent ) for the entire Detroit metropolitan area . Unemployment was highest among the teenagers
( although the 1 out of 3 jobless may
have been overstated because some of
these youngsters were presumably
FOCUS ON PRISONERS
The prisoners averaged about
$ 120 a week . This equaled the average
wage in manufacturing for the Nation
as a whole , but was below the approximate $ 150 per week earned by the
average factory worker in the Detroit
area in July 1967. Even the youngsters
(both the 16- to 19 - year olds and those
20 to 24 ) averaged between $ 80 and
$ 100 per week . Two out of 3 of the
teenagers and 3 out of 4 of the men in
their early twenties reported they
were working .
One
out
of
8
-
married prisoners
was making less than $ 80 per week .
More than half of the married men
earned more than $ 120 each week./
Table
Selected
characteristics
Total Reported
1.
EMPLOYMENT STATUS AND WEEKLY WAGES
Total
Age
Under 20
Total Under
16
20-24
16-19
25 and over
Total 25-29 30-44
45 and
over
91
127
276
112
138
26
Employment
status
383
Employed .
107
employed
Not
.
6
reported
Not
.
employed
Not
21.8
rate
61
30
2
1
60
29
09
91
34
231
43
98
14
114
22
19
33.0
50.0
32.6
27.2
3
16
37
2
∞
8
8 3 3
I
18
17
20
19
40
33
11
242433+
27
26.9
12
22
4
28
42
76
17
19
16.2
AI
30
NI
2
94
28
40
12.5
9
10
19
15
-
4 4
1
29
25
5
2
9
12
18
1
.
$
16
15.7
8 4 3
28
6
12
Not reported
7
7
113
12
6
16
.
74
80
.
12
101-120
121-150
151-200
Over 200
5
.
on
.
on
Four hundred prisoners reported
marital status and weekly earnings
earnings and education
Three hundred and ninetynine prisoners reported
/ /
2 1
15
31
42
.
..
.
$ $ $ $ $ $
$
Wages
Under 40
41-60 •
61-80
81-100
~
9
....
1
167
2
2
93
2
496
still attending school ) . Unemployment
was not much lower for the 20 - to 24year olds ( 27 percent compared to 33
percent
for the teenagers ) even
nationally ,
though ,
unemployment
rates among Negroes tend to drop off
very sharply between the teenagers
and the early twenties . The drop in
rates in the group surveyed occurred
in those over 25 , among whom unemployment averaged about 16 percent .
NUMBER OF PRISONERS WITH
INCOME BY WEEKS OF WORK LOST
Table 2.
Total
reported
Total reported
16-26
35
25
28
16
1
1
4
2
2 3
1
15
1
-
calling for advanced education More
prisoners 124 had
than
of every
job
semiskilled
such as
machine
operator or assembler Almost
in
occupation
79 worked in
service
.
a
.
1
a
)
(
4
1
)
(
.
;
prisoners
)
430
.
,
a
(
Some 59 who did not specify the type
of work they performed held jobs in
automobile plants
52 of the prisoners were laborers and 32 indicated
they were skilled workers This information is based on replies from
Table 3. KIND OF WORK
PERFORMED BY PRISONERS
Occupation
Number
OCCUPATION
.
Service
Automobile Plant
.
Laborers ·
Craftsmen
Other
..
.
,
)
(
a
a
5
2
Although about
out of prisoners
high school education or more
had
only
small number 17 had jobs
6
•
•
Total reported
Operative
.
.
;
;
)
(
a
.
-
.
6
)
-
a
$
Although the average pay for the
employed prisoner was
120
week
two thirds of those reporting on both
wages and unemployment experience
109 had periods of joblessness ranging from
week to
months or more
One hundred and fifty seven prisoners were asked whether they were
employed during the year
Fully
fourth of those who reported the weeks lost by unemployment in the past year 125 said they
lost months or more another fourth
lost
to 15 weeks less than 30 percent reported no work loss
4
work lost
.
EMPLOYMENT AND EARNINGS
3 1
10
12
6
0
8
.
4
30
1
50
5
1175
1
•
5
over
4
153∞
23
4
6
9
Does not include those who did not report wages and full weeks
(
26 and
LONI2
1
14
25
of
6
.
•
$
•
$ $
101-120
121-150
151-200
Over 200
5-15
1
•
$ 41-60 .
$ 61-80 .
$ 81-100
$
1-4
5
.
None
+
Under $ 40
109
Number of weeks lost
5
Usual
salary
per week
430
124
79
59
52
32
84
EDUCATION AND TRAINING
Of the 276 men arrested who were
25 or older , 83 , or about 1 in 3 , were
high school graduates . This compares
with 1 out of 6 nonwhite male graduates of this age group in the general
population and equals the average of
all races . In addition , nearly 6 percent of those in the survey over the
age of 25 had more than 12 years of
schooling
.
1 out of 5 prisoners
( 93 )
teenager
was a
. One out of 3 of these
teenagers was a high school gradu-
Almost
ate . About 1 out of 4 of the 496 prisoners was between the ages of 20
and 24 ( inclusive ) . In this age group ,
43 of the 127 ( 34 percent ) were high
school graduates and 10 in this age
group had education beyond high
school .
About 1 out of 6 prisoners had participated in a Federaltraining or poverty program . The younger prisoners
were more likely to have been in such
programs . About 1 in 5 of the prisoners under age 25 reported some kind
of participation in a job training or
poverty program as against only 1 in
8 of the older prisoners .
Table 4. YEARS OF SCHOOL COMPLETED BY AGE
...
26
5.2
1.0
ber
59.1
32.3
3.
3.2
Per-
276
100.0
52
18.8
44.6
55.1
33.9
123
10
7.9
16
cent
83
30.
5.8
of all of the prisoners were
.
married
Number
70
43
-
40 percent
FAMILY STATUS
100.0
127
5.4
55
30
cent
1
•
100.0
cent
25 and over
7
156
12.3
50.0
31.5
93
Per-
Num-
2
years and
over
Not reported
61
248
.
.
12
...
100.0
Per-
1
years and
under
9-11 years
12 years . : .
8
496
Number
4
....
Age
20-24
Under 20
53
550
Total
all persons
PerNumber
cent
13
completed
Total
5
Years of school
$
8
.
$
$
.
.
7
,
$
.
.
,
"
"
.
.
1
5
,
,
.
,
owed
,
separated divorced
or widThus about
out of every
prisoners over the age of 25 was
living apart from his wife and family
Because some of the single prisoners reported that they had children
the number of broken families among
the prisoners is even higher About
were
$
-
One fourth of the prisoners over
25 were single and another 20 percent
a
third of those with two to
four children earned between 121 and
150 per week One out of prisoners
with two to four children earned less
than 80 per week About half of the
prisoners with two to four children
earned more than 120 per week The
median weekly income for prisoners
with five or more children was about
125
Two hundred and forty prisoners who had children also supplied
information on their earnings
About
Table
MARITAL STATUS AND AGE OF DETROIT PRISONERS
5.
Marital status
Total
Total
Married
Total Under
496
...
Single
Separated ,
divorced ,
widowed
Not reported
93
16-19 20-24
16
Total
25-29
30-44
127
276
112
138
8
80
38
147
64
69
84
71
36
35
5
56
11
33
1
2
1
1
8
82
2
12
1
62
24
over
91
193
• •
25 and
2
237
..
Age
Under 20
-
12
45 and
over
26
14
12
EARNINGS AND NUMBER OF CHILDREN
Table 6.
Salary per week
Table 7.
replied
10
7
27
46
13
10
wages and
Over
$ 200
17
1
108
24
28
29
both questions
200
2
28
$ 151-
11
3
71
27
12
20
121150
2 9
64
$
3
101-
120
children
.
369
$
on
prisoners
,
the 496
-
39
17
6 6
4752
.
Of
/
·
32
and over
$ 81
100
1
0
137
·
61-
80
7
29
16
71
•
.
1
5
14
129
2-4
1
/
$
5
3691
.
reported
60
$ 40
9
Total
$ 41-
Under
reported
3
Total
children
to
Number of
EARNINGS AND MARITAL STATUS
8
I
19
14
2
16
marital status and weekly earnings
.
400 reported on
10
1
25
27
200
$
113
68
34
Over
21
80
37
34
3 7
20
47
151200
1
74
12
1
42
$
121-
150
|
$
$
-
101-
120
3 6
·
$
$
19
81-
100
42
2
31
61
80
2
1
Of the 496 prisoners
1
• •
10
26
17
,
Widowed
•
178
4
.
Divorced
•
14
175
60
1 2
400
41-
7
reported
Married
Single
Separated
40
/
Total
Under
3 2
Total
reported
Status
$
Marital
$
Salary per week
ORIGIN
15 percent of the prisoners
lived in Detroit 5 years or less .
Almost 200 ( 40 percent ) of the prisoners had been born in the Deep South .
( Florida , South Carolina , Georgia ,
Alabama , Mississippi , Louisiana , Ar-
had
About
kansas and Texas . ) An additional 67
had been born in the border States .
(North Carolina , Tennessee , Kentucky , West Virginia , Missouri , and
Oklahoma . ) Of those born in the Deep
South , over 40 percent had lived in
Detroit for more than 15 years .
Almost half of the prisoners live
with from four to seven persons . More
than 10 percent are crowded into living
quarters with eight or more others .
Although 237 prisoners are single ,
only 80 reported that they lived alone .
The average number of persons per
household is over five .
PRISONERS
'
VIEWS :
Police brutality was , by far , the
most frequent response of the prisoners to the question " What do you
think caused this trouble in Detroit ? "
About 30 percent 159 of the 523 responses- ( some prisoners gave more
than one reason ) pointed , in the view
of the prisoners , to the police as the
causal agent of the riot . Prisoners referred to specific incidents such as
beatings and other physical violence
and personal abuse on the part of the
police .
The second most frequent reason
given as to the cause of the riot was
less specific , but can be summed up
in the term ' discrimination . " Some
of these responses indicated the frustrations and tensions resulting from
ineffectual efforts of Negroes to end
segregation and discrimination as the
cause . Other responses emphasized
poor housing and living conditions and
lack of job opportunities ( 54 ) . Many of
-
prisoners
incident involving a neighborhood bar
(a " blind pig ' ) as the cause of the
trouble . These responses did not
mention police brutality .
Table 8. RESPONSE TO QUESTION :
" WHAT DO YOU THINK CAUSED
THIS TROUBLE IN DETROIT ? ”
Number of
Responses
523
Total .
159
Police brutality
Tensions and frustrations
resulting from Negroes '
65
efforts to gain equality
Don't know .
Lack of job opportunities , low pay , poor
housing and living
conditions .
Raid on " blind pig " without mention of police
"
CAUSE OF RIOT
the
not know what caused the riot . About
40 responses referred to a specific
(
114
)
stated that they did
brutality .
Outside agitators
Other responses .
" ...
114
54
40
15
76
FAVORITE NEGRO LEADER
About 50 percent ( 178 ) of the 363
prisoners who expressed a preference
for a favorite Negro leader selected
the Reverend Martin Luther King as
their first choice . About 14 percent of
the prisoners indicated that Stokely
Carmichael was their favorite leader .
Another
mad
and
15
percent selected Muham-
Ali ( Cassius Clay ) , Malcolm X
Elijah Muhammad
as their favorite leaders .
Of those who expressed a preference for Martin Luther King as
their favorite Negro leader , the most
frequently
mentioned
means
of
achieving civil rights was through
nonviolent approaches such as political action . The next most frequently
cited approach was a unified Negro
front . The third and fourth most frequently mentioned solutions were
9
education
and
respectively .
raising self - esteem ,
Prisoners who expressed a preference for Stokely Carmichael , Muhammad Ali , Malcolm X and Elijah
Muhammad ( combined ) , most frequently mentioned nonviolent measures , followed by force and violence ,
as the best ways of securing civil
rights .
The third most mentioned
means was a unified approach , followed by education and raising selfesteem . About 50 prisoners , who
named a favorite leader , did not offer
any suggestions .
FAVORITE NEGRO
LEADERS
Table 9.
Total
Number
..
Reverend Martin Lu-
ther King
10
•
363
178
Stokely Carmichael ..
Adam Clayton Powell .
Muhammad Ali . •
Malcolm X. .
.
Elijah Muhammad
Other
..
.
52
24
21
20
12
56
MOST THOUGHT CONDITIONS
HAD IMPROVED
The majority of the interviewed
believed that conditions in the last
few years had become better for themselves and for Negroes generally in
the Detroit area . About 1 out of 5
thought conditions had become worse
for himself , and a slightly smaller
proportion felt that conditions for Negroes in the Detroit area were worse .
APPENDIX
PROFILE OF
500
NEGRO MEN ARRESTED IN THE DETROIT RIOT ,
1967
( Number )
Age
No
Not reported
23821
2
19
976
8
2
62
82
7
44
8
147
64
69
71
36
35
15
26
14
34
236
12
100
-
61
12
20
112
2424334
1453I
9
53
35
10
905
29
72
2
14
28
56
14
19
12
2
4
1
21
4
74
4
12
22
6
11
58
67
119
19
107
9
8 3
4 4
20
40
18
17
19
33
2
21
19
1
48
28
63
1
114
22
I
3
19
35
28
98
14
1
18
65
76
17
16
37
2 6
32
2
I
1
I
-
81
15
28
40
42
29
1
-
55
34
8
3
8
38
84
408
1
132
2
13
2
7
6
9
1
2
2
-
57
42
1
63
4
2 3
53
2
IIINII
1
53
3250
IM
3
2
7
6
9
1
82
80
49
22
43
over
6
Government training
Yes
27
18
231
3
Not reported
34
28
-
12
6
8
4-7
or more
80
120
224
91
2
2-3
30
16
13
39
1
1
Persons living in house
94
26
58
18
29
25
10
12
138
83
16
16
12
237
33
23
12
112
123
16
113
28
19
193
-
12
Not reported
12
3
Widowed
42
74
80
1
Divorced
15
31
30
44
70
-
and
29
43
10
60
29
61
276
over
25-30-45
32
20
INI
Separated
107
-
53
30
Total
1
1
Single
383
55
30
2
Marital status
Married
127
INI
Not reported
91
8
$
81-100
101-120
121-150
151-200
Over 200
2
1
$ $ $ $ $ $
$
Salary
Under 40
41-60
61-80
24
I
Employment status
Employed
Not employed
Not reported
20-
19
72
Over 12 years
Not reported
248
156
26
5
3
years
16-
16
1
12
6
years
9-11 years
93
Under
6
8
Total
39
22
4
Years of school completed
Under 8 years
496
9
Total number interviewed
Total
7
Selected
characteristics
25 and
20
6
Under
24
1
11
PROFILE OF
NEGRO MEN ARRESTED IN THE DETROIT RIOT ,
500
1967
( Percent
Total number interviewed
Years of school completed
Total reported
Under 8 years
8 years
9-11 years
12 years
Over 12 years
Under 20
Num- Per-
ber
Total
cent
2-3
4-7
8 or more
Government training
Total reported
Yes
No
12
30-
29
44
over
27.8
5.2
27. 7
10. 3 41. 0
18. 2 59. 1
23.4 23. 0
5.3
30.8
55.6
22.6
491
100.0
100.0
18. 3
·
4
17.9
25.9
55.8
22.8
39
22
248
156
7.7
O
9.1
100.0
100.0
22. 2
19. 2
8
18. 6
15. 9
28. 0
· 4
.3
100.
100.0 15.
100.0 46.
1
25-
25.6
402
Persons living in house
Total reported
Total
18.3
Salary
Total reported -
Single
Separated
Divorced
Widowed
24
0.4
100.0
Marital status
Total reported
Married
20-
19
18. 7
490
383
107
$ 151-200
Over $200
16-
100.0
Employment status
Total reported Employed
Not employed
101-120
$ 121-150
25 and over
496
100. 0
$
Under
16
26
Under $ 40
$ 41-60
$ 61-80
$ 81-100
age )
Age
Total
Selected
characteristics
distribution by
15
31
42
74
80
113
28
19
492
193
237
33
23
100. 0
100.0
100. 0
100. 0
100. 0
100. 0
100. 0
100.
100.
O
O
9. 1
1
.9
-
4
487
80
120
224
63
100.0 18.9
100.0 3.8
100.0 15.0
.4
100. 0 21. 9
100. 0 34. 9
• 5
1.6
489
100.0 19.0
4
81
6
408
25.5
23.8
31.8
100.0 15.9
26.9
30.8
60. 3
40. 2
22.9
25.6
13.1
27.8
29.8
20. 6
59.5
25.
28.9
61.5
38.5
|
55.9
33. 3
1
20.0
-
21.6
9.7 25.8
19.0 42.9
24. 3 54.
11. 3
36. 3
10.6
3.6
52.5
25. 7
22.
67.
1
1
3
25.0
35.4
23. 0
23. 8
29. 2
32. 1
35.7
15.8
60.7
84.2
14. 3
18. 1
25.8
55. 7
4.
19. 7
76. 2
30. 0
22.6 27.8
33.2 35. 8
1
33.8
3.0
1
· 5
25.0
26.9
12.9 48. 4
19.0 66. 7
14. 3
.8
100. 0 34.
18.2
15.6
27.1
38.7
100. 0 34. 6
100. 0
3.0
100. 0
1
100. 0
6
90.9
28. 2 49.6
27.6 53. 2
1
100.0 18.5
100.0 4. 1
-
1
21.4
19.2
46.7
3.6
82.
10. 3
15. 7 24.9
20. 0
7
7
38. 7
14. 3
21. 6
11. 3
10. 6
-
7.7
45 and
18.5
3.8
15.0
21.4
33. 3
18.6
34.6
15.4
35.4
9.0 87.9
8.7 91.3
100.0
21.
163.
15. 2
18. 2
14. 8
57.6
22. 9 27. 0
14. 8 24. 7
26. 2
55. 2
5.0
6.5
5.5
13. 3
12.9
4. 8
5.4
3.8
2.7
14.
-
3
5.3
7.3
-
50. 0
25.8
23.5
42.0
57.8
5.3
2
22. 4 28. 1
17.5 43. 7
23. 3 24. 2
23.7 27. 2
22. 2 19.1
55. 4
1.3
3.8
33. 3
23.8 72.5
29.2 55.8
25.0 53. 1
23.8 41. 3
25. 7
3.2
12. 1
21. 7
17.4 52.
16. 7
2
13. 6
24.5 27.5
4.9
11. 3
8.3
2.2
1
5.3
2.5
5.9
PROFILE OF
500
NEGRO MEN ARRESTED IN THE DETROIT RIOT,
1967
(
Percent distribution by characteristics
Age
Total
Total number interviewed
93
496
over
25 and
Under 20
Total Under
Selected
characteristics
)
16-
20-
16
19
24
2
91
127
Total
276
30-
2529
44
112
138
45 and
over
26
Years of school completed
2
26
112
127
274
136
88
90
491
Total reported
Percent
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
46.2
3. 1
3.6 11.8
11. 7
3.4
3.3
7.9
Under 8 years
·
11.5
7.3
9.6
3.6
2. 2
2. 3
4.5
8 years
30.8
51.8 41.9
44. 9
60. 2
61. 1 100. 0
55.1
50.5
9-11 years
7.7
34.8 30.9
12 years
34. 1
33.9 30.3
31.8 33. 3
6.2
3.8
5.8
5.9
Over 12 years
7.9
5.3
Employment status
Total reported
Percent
Employed
Not employed
Salary
Total reported
Percent
Under $ 40
10.4
19.9
28.
121-150
Total reported
Percent
Married
100.0
67.0
33.0
-
Widowed
Persons living in house
Total reported
Percent
1
2-3
4-7
8 or more
training
Total reported
Percent
Yes
492
100.0
39. 2
48.
2
6.7
100.0
50.0
50.0
63
89
100.0
67.4
32.6
63
100.0
11.1
100. 0
11. 1
9.5
25.4
19.0
9.5
25.4
14. 3
14. 3
19.0
19.0
1.6
4. 7
Divorced
No
1
7.0
Single
Separated
Government
21.8
18.4
$ 151-200
Over $ 200
Marital status
78. 2
3.7
7.7
$ 81-100
$ 101-120
2
91
100.0
402
100.0
$ 41-60
$ 61-80
$
490
19.0
·
-
1.6
489
100.0
16.6
83.4
112
136
100.0
100.0
100.0
15.7
12.5
72.8
27.2
84.3
87.5
26
83.8
16.
2
239
101
116
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
4. 0
6.3
100
3.0
8.0
18.0
29.0
25.0
10.0
3.0
2. 1
11.7
16.7
17.6
31.8
7.
1
6.7
3.0
3.0
7.9
18.8
19.8
39.6
4.0
4.
0
·
6.9
15.5
14.7
16. 4
28.4
7.8
127
274
111
137
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
90.
100. 0
89.9
66. 1
2. 4
10.6
89
2
8.8
1
-
1.1
9.0
1.1
92
100.0
3.3
19.6
53.3
23.9
2
90
100.0
100.0
3. 3
50.0
50.0
93
2
100.0
100.0
1
-
69.9
100.
30.
20.0
53.3
23.3
91
0
100.0
30.8
69.2
29.9
1.6
53.6
25.9
7.7
2.2
57.7
32.4
5.4
3.6
.9
50.4
25.5
13.9
8.8
1.5
125
270
109
137
100.0
15.2
100.0
21.5
100.0
12.8
100.0
25.5
21. 2
28.0
44.8
12.0
126
100.0
15.1
84.9
24. 8
44. 1
9.6
270
100.0
12.6
87.4
25.7
48,6
12.8
44. 5
8.8
112
132
100.0
10.7
100.0
89.3
100.0
73. 1
26.9
22
100.0
9. 1
18. 2
9. 1
18.2
13.6
13.6
18.2
·
10.3
100.0
91
1.2
•
16.4
24.6
46.0
12.9
274
100.0
100.0
4. 7
487
100.0
125
15. 2
84.8
26
100.0
53.8
15.4
19. 2
11.5
24
100. 0
37.5
41.7
20.8
26
100.0
7.7 .
92.3
13
RESPONSES TO QUESTIONNAIRE
(Total number interviewed
1.
5.
Age_
Number
Total reported
Under
16-19
20-24
25-29
30-44
16
years
years
years
years
years
45 and over
Not reported
2. Sex
M
F
Total reported
Operative
Service
Automobile
plant
.4
2
18.3
25.6
22.6
27.8
91
127
112
138
26
Laborers
Craftsmen
Other
Not reported
5. 2
please )
6.
Total reported
Under 8 years
8 years
9-11 years
12 years
Over 12
Not reported
491
39
22
248
156
26
Employed .
Total reported
Employed
Unemployed
Not reported
Total reported
Under $40
$ 41-60
$ 61-80
$ 81-100
Percent
100.0
7.9
$ 101-120
4.5
50.5
31.8
$ 121-150
$ 151-200
Over $ 200
Not reported
5.3
Unemployed .
490
383
107
6
79
59
52
32
84
66
Number
5
Number
124
Percent
100.0
28.8
18.4
13.7
12.
1
7.4
19.5
$
7.
4.
430
/
1
Salary paid
paid by that job per week
.]
school grade completed
Number
Kind of work you do .
Number
100.0
[Only men were interviewed
3. Highest
)
Percent
496
( circle
- 496
Percent
100.0
78. 2
21.8
402
15
31
42
74
80
113
Percent
100.0
3.7
7.7
10.4
18.4
19.9
28.
1
7.0
28
19
80
94
*8
4. 7
If
on aid program , state weekly
sum provided $
Number
19
Receiving aid
receiving
aid 477
Not
[by
Amount
of aid
sufficient
meaningful . ]
Percent
3.8
96.2
was not reported
numbers to be
15
8.
City and state of birth
Number
Total reported
Detroit
Other Michigan
Deep South 2
All other
Not reported
/
9.
Not reported
492
174
100.0
35.4
12
196
110
39.8
100.0
No
Protestant
Catholic
Muslim
None
Other
Not reported
450
359
44
3
28
16
13.
/
Total reported
Married
14.
193
237
33
493
296
Who do you
197
.7
48.
2
6.7
490
100.0
41
119
24. 3
8.4
10.0
Mother
Other relatives
80
63
Alone
Other
90
18.4
12
2.4
Not reported
15
21
etc. )
3.
1
16.3
12.9
4.3
6
How many persons live together
in your house ?
Percent
100.0
39.2
Percent
49
( YMCA ,
57.1
/
1
Both parents
Friends
42.9
100.0
60.0
40.0
live with ?
Father
100.0
8.5
3
Family
6.2
3.6
100.0
38.0
19.0
34.5
When you were growing up , were
Wife
9.8
Percent
your parents : Together
Separated or divorced
Number Percent
Total reported
15.
492
49
Number
100.0
79.8
Marital status
Number
over
Together
Not together
Not reported
1
Percent
and
Total reported
46
Church Attendance
Total reported 408
175
Yes
233
No
88
Not reported
Single
Separated
5
Not reported
regularly ?
Religion
Total reported
170
85
154
38
2-4
9
Do you attend church
447
0
6.0
89
298
1. 2
Number 1 of children you have
Total reported
14.6
18.3
61.2
71
4. 7
6
4
1
487
29
23
Number
22. 4
Number
16
12.
2.4
4
Religion ( don't probe )
Yes
11.
Percent
Years in Detroit ( if
if months ,, print
M after figure ) .
Number Percent
Total reported
Under 1 year
1-5 years
6-15 years
Over 15 years
10.
Divorced
Widowed
Not reported
1
Number
Total reported
1
2-3
4-7
487
80
120
224
Percent
100.0
16.4
24.6
46.0
480
100.0
241
50. 2
No
239
49.8
class , etc. )
TV , radio
Movies
16
Have you been in any government
retraining , youth , poverty , or
other such program ? Yes__ No_
If yes , what program ?
Number
Percent
489
100.0
16.6
83.4
Total reported
Yes
81
408
No
Not reported
7
do you
think of
/
' Drink
"
'
20.7
112
3.7
20
22
4.
1
, "
" women , "
" meeting
people , " etc.
Other
Not reported
21.
23
Have you ever had nervous condition that anybody thought you
Yes
doctor for
should see
please
tell what
If yes
No
seemed to be wrong
Percent
,
28
)
etc.
Local --athletic
or social
Church affiliated
7
25
,
Civil Rights
NAACP etc.
Other
Not reported
)
Union
26.4
23.6
6.6
16
15.1
16
14
15.1
13.
410
2
,
(
100.0
Not reported
22.
Who
is
leader
favorite Negro
your
Number
Total reported
Rev. Martin
Luther King
Stokely Carmichael
Adam Clayton
Percent
363
100.0
178
49.0
52
14.
3
5
Number
?
do
Elk Mason
Yes
No
100.0
13.8
86.2
Powell
24
6.6
Ali
21
5.8
Muhammad
Malcolm X
Elijah Muham-
mad
Other
Not reported
12
56
5.5
3.
3
4
3.9
397
492
68
424
Percent
4
14
106
Total reported
National fraternal
Total reported
2220
84
What clubs or organizations
you belong to
(
19.
Percent
100.0
82.4
13.7
102
Unfavorable
Other response
Not reported
Number
?
Number
Total reported
Favorable
/
?
What
it
18.
4
.
,
Program 3
4.8
14.0
76
a
17.
cultural activities (reading
52.8
3
/,
Not reported
Sport (baseball ,
fishing , pool ,
286
etc. )
Music or other
Percent
Yes
Total reported
100.0
542
Total reported
Have you ever voted ? Yes_____ No_
Number
Percent
Number
9
?
16.
5/
12.9
63
Not reported
is your favorite amusement ?
What
a
8
or more
20.
2016
Percent
Number
15.4
133
17
23.
Why ?
Number
Total reported
Like what he
says (pro-
gram )
Helped Negro
people (ac-
345
100.0
157
45.5
complishments
69
)
Doesn't preach
hate (nonviolence )
Says what he
means
Forceful or
violent ap-
proach
Leads in the
right direc-
tion
Other
Not reported
24.
Who
do
9.3
17
4.9
11
3. 2
Stokely Carmichael
Adam Clayton
Powell
Muhammad
Ali
Malcolm X
Elijah Muhammad
Other
Not reported
25.
gram )
Forceful or
violent ap-
proach
Other
Not reported
26.
21.8
28
10.7
18
6.9
8
3.
1
11
4. 2
22
118
45.0
8.4
239
100.
O
Stokely Carmichael
Elijah Muhammad
Rev. Martin
Luther King
Malcolm X
Adam Clayton
Powell
Other
Not reported
27.
26.3
13.
1
7.
1
6.1
Percent
644
100.0
22
3.4
97
15.1
28
4. 3
158
42
24.5
71
226
6.5
11.0
35.
1
126
What famous person would you
like most to be like ?
Number Percent
Total reported
" Myself "
Rev. Martin
Luther King
356
62
100.0
17.4
40
11.2
Ali
31
8.7
edy
25
7.0
6
1.7
6
1.7
Stokely Carmichael
Elijah Muhammad
26
13
Please name other Negro leaders
you have heard of .
5/
John F. Kenn-
99
16.2
397
Muhammad
Percent
16
7
Ali
Percent
57
31.3
6
Total reported
Muhammad
11.0
100.0
31
Number
1
262
Number
18
6.
Why ?
Total reported
Like what he
says (pro-
ments )
Doesn't preach
hate (nonviolence )
Says what he
means
second best ?
Number
Total reported
Rev. Martin
Luther King
complish-
20.0
32
21
38
151
you like
5You
Helped Negro
people (ac-
Percent
Malcolm X
Sports figures
1
48
.3
13.5
Number
Entertainers
Other
Not reported
28.
47
13. 2
90
140
25.3
Will there ever come
the Negro has everything
white man has ? Yes__________No
When?
Years
Total reported
Yes
No
Not reported
Total reported
Under 10 years
111
38
24. 2
380
100.0
24.5
27.1
Never
Not reported
31.
Nonviolent
political
119
21.
15.8
esteem
58
10. 3
violence
Other
Not reported
83
58
14.7
Force and
30.
10.
3
fore
Weeks before
Month or more
before
Other
Not reported
talk to regularly
are a good thing ?
Relationship
Total reported
Yes
32.
Is there
you know and
who thinks riots
Yes
No
Percent
481
86
100.
O
17.9
10.7
6771
164
Percent
100.
O
23.9
6.0
4.
5
7.5
35
6
6.0
9.0
9.0
15
8
22.4
11.9
4
6
429
any person you know and
are a bad thing ?
Relationship
Yes_____No
Number
Total reported
Yes
No
Not reported
Number
20. 2
talk to regularly who thinks riots
85
Is there any person
17
9
1
:
A week before
1
89
Raise self-
in OTHER
During riot
At start of riot
A few hours
before riot
The day before
A few days be-
100.0
28.0
6.0
63.
When did you last talk to him
about such things ? During riot ,
at start of riot , a few hours before riot , the day before , a few
Total reported
Percent
158
100.0
53
Number
,
action
United
action
Education
5-
412
8.4
19.5
20.5
/
565
846
fill
is the best way for the Negro to go about getting civil
rights ?
1
Total reported
Relationship 1/
Total reported
Relative
82.1
days before , week before , weeks
before , month or more before .
Circle correct answer above , or
What
Number
15
Casual acquaintance
Other
Not reported
Percent
100.0
75.8
395
Not reported
Friend
the
458
347
93
103
32
74
78
116
10-20
21-40
40 plus
No
a day when
Number
29.
Percent
Relationship 1/
Total reported
Relative
478
268
210
Percent
100.0
56.1
43.9
18
2498/
78
100.0
31.3
19
Number
Friend
Casual acquaintance
Other
Not reported
33.
Percent
129
51.8
15
6.0
27
10.8
259
in OTHER
Number
/
A few days before
A week before
Weeks before
Month or more
before
Other
Not reported
3.6
6.4
14
Number
Total re-
ported 10/
Rev. Martin
Luther King
Roy Wilkins
Adam Clayton
6.4
7.7
14
17
23
10.5
36
16.4
31
14.
Powell
Dick Gregory
1
278
Total reported
Yes
Who?
No
Not reported
mad
Malcolm X
Percent
119
100.0
26.9
324
73.
443
1
53
Other
Not reported
36.
Total re-
ported 10
Stokely Carmichael
20
123
72
100. 0
58.5
1
Percent
100.0
185
14
68.8
5.2
2.6
1.9
1.5
44
1
1
48
1.5
17.8
39
Number
Percent
57.9
42.
What other cities have had riot
troubles
like Detroit ?
Who
Number
100.0
269
75
Stokely Carmichael
Muhammad Ali
Elijah Muham-
who
are a good thing ?
Number
Percent
Who
Is there any famous Negro
thinks these riots
No
Yes .
451
261
190
45
Not reported
7.7
who
thinks these riots are a bad thing ?
No
Yes
Yes
27.3
8
The day before
Is there any famous Negro
Total reported
O
1
1.6
18.7
2
No
100.
1
4.9
23
48
Number
Percent
2209
Total reported
60During riot
17
At start of riot
A few hours be-
34.
35.
8.
8.
6
Other
Not reported
:
fore riot
10
10
mad
When did you last talk to him
about such things ? During riot ,
at start of riot , a few hours before riot , the day before , a few
days before , week before , weeks
before , month or more before .
Circle correct answer above , or
fill
Rev. Martin
Luther King
Malcolm X
Muhammad Ali
Elijah Muham-
Total re-
ported 5 /
Los Angeles (Watts )
Chicago
Newark
1,108
228
192
185
Percent
100.
O
20.6
17.3
16.7
Number
New York
Cleveland
Milwaukee
Birmingham
Other cities
37.
Harlem
Detroit
16.3
181
101
20
20
181
9.
Total re-
ported 5 /
1.8
1.8
16.3
40.
Radio
Newspapers
Other
Not reported
Number
Total reported
TV and radio
TV only
Radio only
None
-
Number
Total re-
/ /
TV
Percent
lence
(beating ,
71
Does your home have a :
set
Radio ?
496
100.
Police viodogs
5.6
8.7
6.9
43
34
,
etc. )
Police action ,
no violent
arrests , hold
O
78.8
391
28
1
3.9
:
ported 1 5
Looting ,
burning ,
fighting
90
4.
looting , attacking police , sniping , setting fire , etc.
Probe : Ask what they seemed to
be doing most such as , mostly
sniping , setting fires , etc. )
100.0
35.3
19.7
32.6
12.4
258
144
238
8.2
8.2
5.8
What were most of the people
doing in these race riots ?
(Examples
Percent
730
TV
38
38
27
19
18
Birmingham
Cleveland
Selma
1
Where did you hear about other
cities having such riots ?
Number
38.
Percent
back crowds
483
100.0
226
46.8
83
17.2
26
5.4
88
60
18.2
12.4
,
etc.
Percent
Crowd action
nonviolent ; or
action by other
,
39.
Have you seen any race
TV ?
riots on
No
they
Which ones did
show ?
Yes
Number
Total reported
Yes
No
Not reported
470
376
94
26
officials
Percent
100.
Total re-
ported 10/
Watts L. A.
Newark
Chicago-
(
Cicero
463
)
138
92
80.0
20.0
46
Percent
100.
126
O
Which ones ?
Number
(fire-
men , etc. )
Other
Not reported
O
29.8
19.9
9.9
What TV shows do you watch the
most ?
General Television Program
Categories
(No specific program title mentioned )
41.
73
Western
63
News
54
Total
10
Sports References
Boxing & Wrestling
Baseball
Football
36 Sports in General
7
1
21
49
Movies
14
Variety
Mysteries
13
12
8
The Invaders
Bill Kennedy
Star Trek
Comedies
7
Gunsmoke
All
6
The Joey Bishop Show
8
Specials
7
Science Fiction
6
Cartoons
3
Adventures
Dramas
Quiz Programs
Educational Programs
2
1
Discussion Programs
Spy Movies
Space Shows
42.
64
705
Total references to specific
programs
What
None
Other
Not reported
and " Unknown "
Total Responses
43.
636
310
167
76
38
45
Percent
100.
O
48.7
26.3
11.9
6.0
7.
1
30
ularly ?
Number
24
The Fugitive
21
Mission Impossible
19
The Ed Sullivan Show
13
Swinging Time
Look
The Johnny Carson Show
Combat
None
Bonanza
do you read
What magazines to you read reg-
I Spy
9
/
Detroit News
Free Press
Chronicle
30
12
newspapers
regularly ?
Total re-
tioned
( Specific
Television Program Titles
Mentioned )
22
309
ported 5
Specific Program Title Men-
"None "
Other titles
Number
mentioned )
309
110
)
General Program Category
specific program title
(No
- Jackie
Cheyenne
Green Hornet
5
Commercials
Army ( Documentary
Musicals
332
Rat Patrol
The Honeymooners
Gleason
Total re-
ported 5
Ebony
/
Jet
Life
Esquire
Sports Illustrated
Reader's
Digest
Other
Not reported
Percent
715
166
100.0
109
99
15.2
13.8
15
2.·
14
45
2.0
6.3
34
72
161
69
23. 2
1
4.8
10.1
22.5
programs do you hear
?
6.9
5.5
1.4
,
1
49.
Number
"
"
Type of Program 248
Soul and jazz
music
108
28
News
468
Relative
TV Radio
102
51
124
21.8
10.9
26.5
3.6
2.4
628
9
FM Music
18
12
80
111
17.
Serials and
4
adventures
All other
22
96
street
Other
Not reported
1.8
100.0
23.7
32
•
4.
47.
What did that source inform you
happening
If necessary
probe
Please try to remember
his the source's exact words.3
48.
After that who did you tell about
relationship of person not
name ____________ Try to remember
How
your exact words3
By
did you inform that person
By phone
personal contact
/
)
(
other offi-
8.1
10
2.
30
7.2
trated mad
No feeling
Have sense of
association
,
Told who
31.1
36
37
8.6
8.9
Number
Percent
DETT
Total reported
No one
Relatives
Friends
Other
Not reported
378
184
91
80
23
100.0
48.7
24.
1
130
,
,
Feel bad sad
Angry frus-
34
?
Critical of
Negroes
Critical of
whites or
society
4
cials
(
?
police or
:
100.
)
418
/
Critical of
O
/
5
?
Total re-
ported
Percent
it
Number
,
?
How do you feel when you see
race riot on TV
,
45.
a
:
)
Not reported
it in
Saw
?
Sports
9.3
4 8
)
religious
47
Percent
5
/
Total Reported1
5.5
Friend
shows
specified
Church and
(
21.4
/
Personality
,
:
,
,
.8
.6
it
WJBK
1
543
1.0
,
CKLW
WCAR
WXYZ
How did you first find out there
was trouble going on in Detroit
Respondent should answer without prompting
but
no answer
probe into these possibilities
Heard noise on street friend
phoned was out in street and saw
announced on TV heard
saw
about
on radio etc.
,
WJ LB
46.
34. 7
97
if
175
35
28
7
100.0
50.9
83
)
505
257
Percent
13.9
19.9
58
(
Total reported
Stations
WCHB
WCHD
rioters
Other
Not reported
;
Number
with the
it
regularly ?
(
What radio
it
,
44.
21.2
6.1
122
23
Percent
Number
7-18 hours
18-24 hours
Over 24 hours
Did not go
Not reported
How informed ?
Total re-
/
Personal
ported11
contact
By phone
191
100.0
170
21
89.0
11.0
52.
Try to
50.
What time of day did you hear
about it first ?
9-12 noon
1-4 pm
5-8 pm
9-12 midnight
After Sunday
Not reported
421
38
51
112
74
76
36
34
12.1
26.6
17.6
18.1
8.6
8.1
Number
9-12 noon
1-4 pm
5-8 pm
9-12 midnight
Did not go
After Sunday
Not reported
How long after ?
Total reported
Was at the
scene
Under 1 hour
1-6 hours
24
Percent
100.0
46.3
21.6
81
broken glass
People standing
around
38
Other
34
110
Not reported
17.0
,
damage
,
8.0
7.1
75
time did you first go to the
scene to find out what was going
on ?
How long was this
after you first heard about it ?
5-8 am
4. 4
22.4
103
Fire
9.0
2.8
Please describe what you saw
action
100.0
18.8
108
Police or
military
Percent
What
What time ?
Total reported
1-4 am
87
477
reported 5/
Looting ,
fighting , other
221
violence
53.
51.
17
Total
your exact
remember
words.3/
Total reported
1-4 am
5-8 am
11
Number
49.
Number
73
403
16
15
31
65
68
51
86
71
Percent
24
67
109
activities also if response is just standing around "
by asking " What else ? " )
serious
Number
100.0
4.0
3.7
7.7
16.1
16.9
12.7
21.3
17.6
93
388
were most of the people
doing the most of ? (Examples :
looting , sniping , fighting police ,
(Probe into more
etc. )
What
Total
/
reported 5
422
100.0
Looting ,
fighting , other
violence
220
52.1
Police or
military
20
4.7
29
broken glass
People standing
around
133
Other
20
reported5
103
/
Not
6.9
action
100.0
6.2
17.3
28.
1
Percent
Fire ,
damage
,
31.5
4.7
54.
What was the worst thing they
were doing ?
Number
Total
reported 5
/
100.0
Looting ,
fighting , other
109
violence
29.6
28
7.6
139
37.8
Police or
military
action
Fire ,
damage
,
broken glass
People standing
11
around
39
" Don't know "
42
Other
134
reported
Not
55.
riot .
Total reported
Yes
No
Not reported
405
151
254
Absolute
Number
Total reported
At homeinside
At homeoutside
3.0
At friend's-
10.6
inside
11. 4
At friend's-
-
outside
Outside - away
from riot
Outside - right
at the scene
Other
Not reported
Percent
100.0
37.3
62.7
91
58.
If somebody
said there was a teremergency
that was haprible
,
someplace
how would you
pening
check to find out if it were true ?
Number
Total reported
Go there
myself
Telephone
Radio , TV
Phone police
Do nothing
Other
Not reported
498
112
96
184
49
-
In transit
(from work ,
visiting )
At the scene
With friends
( talking )
Other
Not reported
the
not
but
(c )
31
7.1
37
8.5
22
5.0
28
6.4
59.
5.3
15.8
What were you doing just before
you went to see the riot ?
Sitting on
porch ( or
outside )
9.8
3.6
7.8
(b )
51.8
60
In bed
31
57. Just before you went to see
riot , where were you ? ( Do
suggest
let the respondent ;
probe ) ;
necessary
if
At home inside .
(a ).
home outside .
At
226
69
(general )
Watching TV
22.5
19.3
36.9
39
100.0
23
Total reported
At home
100.0
Percent
436
Number
Percent
18
f
( )
ify )
Did you meet any friends there ?
Number
56.
Outside , right at
At a store ,
the scene . ( g )
poolhall , or bowling alley . ( h ) .
Other ( specAt a bar . ( i ) .
Percent
368
At a friend's inside . ( d )
At a friend's outside . ( e )
Outside , away from the
Percent
416
100.0
129
31.0
39
9.4
70
16.8
19
4.6
37
8.9
56
62
13.5
4
1.0
14.9
80
What do you think caused this
trouble in Detroit ?
25
Number
Total
reported1 5
Police
brutality
/ /
523
159
Raid on the
" blind pig "
no mention
of police
Percent
100.0
30.4
'
40
Tension and
frustration
resulting from
inequality
Lack of job
opportunities ,
low pay , poor
65
Agitators , conspiracy
Don't know
Other
responses
Not reported
54
15
405
More justice
85
Enforce law ,
marital law
Impossible to
prevent riots
131
29.8
now
33
7.5
methods
29
6.6
7
1.6
2.9
Use greater
force
Call in Negro
leaders
Use force
against whites
solution
Other
Not reported
100.0
20.9
.
15.8
57
14.
1
28
6.9
8
2.0
1
35
97
8.0
22.
1
66
In the last year , how many different times have you been out
of work ?
Number
Percent
Total reported
None
2
64
.7
Total number interviewed -157
(in remainder of questionnaire )
62a
25.2
3
Have no
1
brutality ,
lack of
understanding
Talk , reason ,
cooperation
23.5
Use humane
,
decent treatment
End police
103
Talk and
What do you think should be done
to prevent this kind of trouble in
the future ?
Percent
Number
and equality
100.0
tactics as
14.5
Percent
439
Would refuse
to take job
10.3
76
Better jobs ,
housing , living
conditions ,
financial help ,
education
102
26
Total
reported!/
12.4
21.8
2.5
91
Number
7.6
114
1.7
10.9
the city hired you to break up
riots , how would you do it ?
13
Total
reported¹ /
10
reason with
people
Use same
living
conditions
7
44
If
61.
brutality
60.
Separation of
Negro and
white
Don't know
Other
Not reported
3
135
58
43
23
4
100.0
43.0
31.9
17.0
3.0
5
3.7
4-6
2
Over 6
1.5
22
reported
Not
62b . Altogether how many full weeks
were you you of work last
year ?
Number
Total reported
None
1-4
5-15
16-26
26 and over
Not reported
62c .
125
36
28.8
20.8
25.6
19
12
9.6
64.
None
126
11
Number
Total reported
100.0
8.7
38.9
49
37
29.4
15
5
11.9
4.0
9
31
7.
4
5
or more
Not reported
Have become
better
Stayed the
same
Have become
worse
Not reported
Percent
1
65.
1
Total reported
None
1
2
118
107
8
2
3
4
5
Not reported
1
Have become
better
Stayed same
Have become
100.0
90.7
worse
6.8
Not reported
1.7
-
or more
•
8
66.
39
How much money do you feel you
need each week to live decent-
Total reported
100.0
Under $ 40
$ 41-60
$ 61-80
$ 81-100
$ 101-120
$ 121-150
32
8
21.2
50
33.
$ 151-200
33
21.9
3
5
12
Yes
No
Not reported
Percent
2.0
3.3
7.9
5.3
1
53.2
38
24.7
34
22.1
3
67.
Percent
149
100.0
85
37
57.0
24.8
27
18.1
8
Did you ever have part of your
wages taken away ( garnisheed ) by
your employer because you owed
No
a debt ? Yes
Total reported
151
82
Number
ly ?
Number
100.0
Do you think that conditions for
Negroes generally in Detroit have
become better , stayed the same
or become worse ?
Total reported
Percent
Percent
154
Number
How many of these employers
fired you ?
Number
6
have become better , stayed the
same , or become worse ?
you
2
3
5.3
ly
15.2
have
8
In the last few years , do you think
that conditions for you personal-
32
employers
Total reported
63.
100.0
26
32
Number
.
Over $ 200
Not reported
In the last year , for how many
different
worked ?
62d
Percent
152
27
125
Percent
100.0
17.8
82.2
5
Did any of your employers ever
fire you because of these debts ?
Yes
212/
No and not
reported
155
27
68.
Are you in debt now for ?
How much ?
Back rent
Car payment
Medical expenses
Food
Clothing
Other
Total reported
Yes
Percent
157
100.0
77
80
49.0
129
100.0
51.0
Types of indebtedness
/
ported 5
Rent
Car
Medical ex-
26.4
34
17
13.2
expenses
29
Food
3
15
Clothing
31
Other
Total indebtedness
22.5
2.3
11.6
24.0
Total re-
ported
Under $ 200
$ 201-500
$ 501-1,000
Over $ 1,000
Not reported
Percent
71
38
100.0
53.5
28.2
20
4
9
5.6
12.7
100.0
24.4
75.6
No.
Percent
Number
Total reported
Yes
100.0
17.6
82.4
136
24
No
112
21
Not reported
71. Were you ever in the Armed
Forces ? If yes , when WW
Korea Viet Nam,
Other_______
-
-
Number
II-
Percent
Total interviewed
Never served
in Armed
Forces
Served in
Armed
Forces
When-World
War II
Korea
Viet Nam
Other
9
131
32
No
99
26
Not reported
70. Have you ever had anything you
bought repossessed by the seller ?
Yes__
Total Inter-
Total re-
Have you ever had a judgment ( a
court order to pay a debt ) against
you ? Yes
No
Number
Number
viewed
Did not report debts
Reported debt
69.
157
100.0
124
79.0
33
21.0
7
4.5
1
5.7
.6
16
10.2
9
FOOTNOTES
Classification developed subsequent to interview based on recorded response .
2 Deep South includes
Florida , South Carolina , Georgia , Alabama , Mississippi , Louisiana , Arkansas
and Texas .
/
/Classification
3
not made because of diversity of replies and need for individual analysis .
Some persons volunteered opinions on training programs who were not in these programs .
More than one response tabulated .
6 / Only 84 of the 86 persons replying " yes " to the above reported .
7 Only 67 of the 86 persons replying "yes" to question 30 reported .
8 Only 249 of the 268 persons replying " yes " to the above reported .
9 Only 220 of the 268 persons replying " yes to question 32 reported .
TO More than one response was tabulated applicable to " yes " above .
Only 191 of the 194 persons who reported that they had informed someone about the riot replied to this question .
12 Applicable to " yes " replies of previous question .
/
/
/
/
II/
/
28
,
WHERE TO GET MORE INFORMATION
Copies of this publication or additional information on manpower programs and activities may be obtained from the
U.S. Department of Labor's Manpower Administration in
Washington , D. C. Publications on manpower are also available from the Department's Regional Information Offices
at the addresses listed below .
John F. Kennedy Building , Boston , Massachusetts 02203
341 Ninth Avenue , New York , New York 10001
1015 Chestnut Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19107
1371 Peachtree Street , NE . , Atlanta , Georgia 30309
51 SW . First Avenue , Miami , Florida 33130
801 Broad Street , Nashville Tennessee 37203
1365
219
911
411
730
300
450
506
Ontario Street , Cleveland , Ohio 44114
South Dearborn Street , Chicago , Illinois 60604
Walnut Street , Kansas City , Missouri 64106
North Akard Street , Dallas , Texas 75201
17th Street , Denver , Colorado 80202
North Los Angeles Street , Los Angeles , California 90012
Golden Gate Avenue , San Francisco , California 94102
Second Avenue , Seattle , Washington 98104
GPO
939-923